Aviation Inspection and Maintenance System Research Paper

Flight Inspection and Maintenance System - Research Paper Example 996), since the start of the FAA guideline plot, FAA support work force have been required to be certificated so as to perform different undertakings in holding airplanes under fix and airworthy. In addition, there are different mechanics that are allowed examination approval by FAA to perform required assessments on all airplanes working in the national airspace (Eichenberger, 1996). Moreover, government aeronautics guidelines have been set up to control support and investigations and characterize working restrictions for airplanes having various types of confirmations (FAA, 2008). The government flying guidelines give five guideline choices that ought to be adjusted by all the airplanes working in US airspace. These are the constant airworthiness review program, assessment program utilized via air taxi administrator, examination program utilized via air travel club, a manufacturer’s investigation program and some other investigation program created by the proprietor and affi rmed by the head (King, 1986). As indicated by Patankar and Taylor (2004), to diminish the avionics dangers, flying upkeep technique ought to advance the commitment of individuals and data through specialized help. Be that as it may, Garland et al. (1999) show that human factors, for example, the individual contrasts of flight auditors affect the procedure of review and upkeep of avionics offices and hardware. A few variables brought about event of this mishap. One of the key variables is the disappointment of an aviation authority framework to encourage the dispersal of key, accessible breeze data to the air traffic controllers and the pilots because of poor support. For this situation, both the pilot and the traffic controllers didn't know about the nearness and impact of the blasting breeze that was being competent at the air terminal. Obviously if the two knew they could have decided to defer the flight or could have picked another runway and the

Romeo And Julit Journal :: essays research papers

Act I Scene I      Today I sobbed and sobbed as I discovered my one genuine romance Rosaline doesn't cherish me back. The manner in which I cherished her. So today my coz attempted to cause me to feel better. He made me grin a couple of times however I despite everything felt awful in the wake of realizing I am out of affection. Act I Scene ii      As another I despite everything feel out of adoration in the wake of being kicked in my jawline. I despite everything feel distress and hopeless. I still can’t trust I went to dinner at the Capulet’s in the wake of being asked by that worker. I just went to go see Rosaline I realized she was going be there. Act I Scene IV      I couldn’t trust I let Mercutio convince me to go to that party at the Capulet’s. It was very risky going there. I have no clue on how Mercutio convinced me to go however he has his way with words. Act I Scene V      I was anxious going into the Capulet’s house from the start I figured we would have been gotten. At the point when I saw Juliet I realized she was the one I adored her so much she was so delightful. I simply needed to not release her. I realize that she cherishes me and my unfilled spot with Rosaline is gone completed my jawline has been mended with Juliet’s love. What's more, my lips have been fixed with her lips. What an excellent day. Act II Scene I      I couldn’t hold back to see her I couldn’t take it so I returned that night to go see her. At the point when I saw her again I new she was the one to wed. She is so much better then Rosaline in everyway magnificence method of talking. Act II Scene ii      I don't have a clue how I conversed with her with those extremely pleasant words. I never conversed with anybody like that not even Rosaline. I accept this is on the grounds that the way she just handles my heart. Like no other individual on the dislike my folks. Act II Scene iii      I can’t accept the minister said yes to wed Juliet and me. I can’t hold up we will be so cheerful will circumvent the world together. Are families will quit battling. We can associate our incredible achievements to something extraordinary. I can’t accept the minister disclosed to me snappy love bites the dust quick. Act II Scene iv      I felt so cheerful when the attendant revealed to me when we were getting hitched.

Paper Is To Evaluate and Analyze Advocacyâ€Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Paper Is To Evaluate and Analyze Advocacy? Answer: Presentation The primary goal of this paper is to assess and investigate backing strategies in the social insurance area. Promotion strategies are not the same as open approaches since the backing arrangements are defined and advocated by nongovernmental associations and different bodies that might be included or worried about a specific issue in the wellbeing sector(Rollins Hart,2013). Promotion bunch distinguish issues in the wellbeing segment in a specific culture and make a move to realize change that will take care of the issue. This incorporates calling upon the legislature to mediate and make projects and strategies that will assist with settling the issue. This paper examines manners by which medical problems association has had the option to advocate for arrangements in the wellbeing part. The arrangement assesses the issue of improving quality affirmation and wellbeing principles in Victoria. The paper additionally breaks down manners by which the approach will help in improving wellbei ng segment among the individuals of Victoria. The investigation is done utilizing the Ottawa sanction system. The Ottawa Charter for Health advancement is a global understanding which was marked at the principal International Conference on Health Promotion. It was composed by the World Health Organization and held in Ottawa Canada in November 1986. The understanding propelled a progression of activities among numerous associations in the wellbeing part all around. The neighborhood networks and national governments were likewise engaged with execution of the understanding. The objective of the understanding was to accomplish Health For All constantly 2000 and past by advancing better wellbeing services(Nass, LevitGostin,2009). Foundation and history of the association Medical problems Center is a nongovernmental association that works in Australia. Its participation is network based with the greater part of its individuals being occupants of Victoria. The association targets guaranteeing contribution of purchasers in upholding for medical problems in Victoria. The association is engaged with numerous strategy support programs just as wellbeing advancement program through preparing program. WHO is an abbreviation to World Health Organization which works under the United Nations. The primary target of WHO is advancing and pushing for medical problems and definition of global approaches to administer human services segment so as to improve medicinal services administrations conveyance. WHO is a particular organization under the United Nations and it is worried about advancement of wellbeing internationally. It was built up in Geneva in the year 1948. It was gone before by Health Organization which was an office under the League of Nations. WHO has assumed a significant job in annihilation of sicknesses, for example, little pox. The flow needs of WHO is the battle against transferable infections like HIV/AIDS, Ebola, and Tuberculosis. The organization is additionally worried about dietary issues, substance and medication misuse, conceptive wellbeing, nourishment security and word related wellbeing. In the 1986, UN part nations consented to an arrangement on advancement of Health. This understanding would later come to be known as the Ottawa contract. The sanction accentuated on the significance of a joint and composed exertion to advance wellbeing over all the part nations. The primary regions of center in the contract incorporate structure of social insurance arrangements and fortifying network activity and interest in Health care. The Ottawa sanction in this manner is under WHO and its execution and assessment has been finished by WHO for all the years it has existed. Destinations of improving quality affirmation and security norms in Victorian medical clinics The arrangement of guaranteeing clients is engaged with evaluating the quality confirmation and wellbeing guidelines in Victoria. It is significant for the purchasers of wellbeing administrations who incorporate people and relatives to be associated with definition of arrangements and dynamic concerning their wellbeing (Talbot Verrinder, 2010). The arrangement on reinforcing quality affirmation and wellbeing principles in Victorian medical clinic targets guaranteeing that the nature of administrations offered to patients is of the best expectations conceivable. This is on the grounds that occasionally purchasers of clinical administrations can't get excellent clinical administrations because of different reasons. A portion of these reasons incorporate carelessness by emergency clinic staff. By guaranteeing that the quality and security measures are improved in Victoria, the quantity of passings because of low quality administrations and poor principles in Victorian clinics will lessen. Another goal of this approach support is to guarantee that patients or purchasers of wellbeing administrations are treated in an exceptionally perfect and sterile condition. Poor cleanliness is one of the main sources of sicknesses among numerous individuals in Victoria. It is subsequently significant that emergency clinics can keep up elevated levels of cleanliness in order to lessen diseases in medical clinics (McCormick In Blair, 2014). The arrangement on backing for improved quality affirmation and measures in Victoria targets guaranteeing that customers of wellbeing administration get an incentive for their cash. The clinics in Victoria charge a ton of cash for clinical administrations. It is subsequently significant that clients get an incentive for their cash. This can just occur by improving quality norms just as security in Hospitals (Nay,Garratt Fetherstonhaugh, 2013). Quality clinical administrations will assist patients with recovering rapidly from the ailments they endure and from that point onward, they can continue their typical lives. By improving wellbeing guidelines in Victorian emergency clinics, there will be expanded open trust in the general wellbeing area. This is on the grounds that the patients will be guaranteed of security while experiencing tasks and other clinical methods that are regularly unsafe. Accomplishing improved quality and security confirmation in Victorian clinics will likewise assist with adding to positive social and financial change. This is on the grounds that, great wellbeing is a significant resource for all individuals and once the quality norms have been improved in clinics, it implies that Victorians will get great clinical consideration. Great clinical consideration will guarantee that Victorians stay solid and add to improvement of the general public and economy since great wellbeing is significant for profitability. Examination of commitment of the improvement of value confirmation and wellbeing gauges to improving wellbeing in Victoria dependent on Ottawa sanction The approach on improving quality confirmation and wellbeing gauges will help in advancement of improved wellbeing arrangements in Victoria. This is on the grounds that once the approach issue has been actualized it will add to advancement of different arrangements in the wellbeing part that will advance improved wellbeing measures. The Ottawa contract planned for advancing support of wellbeing arrangements all through the world. Great wellbeing is a significant asset for money related, financial, and self-awareness. This thusly implies different components that, for example, conduct and natural have either a positive or negative impact on the strength of an individual (Healy Dugdale,2009). Through the Ottawa contract WHO targets advancing and guaranteeing that these components are good so the wellbeing of the considerable number of individuals can be improved similarly. The approach of improving quality confirmation and security guidelines in every single Victorian clinic will advance coordination between different areas of the legislature and private part which are required to accomplish the goal. The Ottawa sanction planned for guaranteeing coordination of different divisions that add to progress of wellbeing. Coordination is significant in light of the fact that, there are numerous different variables that decide wellbeing. Ottawa contract advances intervention and great comprehension with governments, media, nearby network, families, and other social players who are principal in satisfying the general point of the sanction of Health for All. Proficient gatherings are associated with the incorporation and coordination of all exercises that are intended towards accomplishing wellbeing for all. Ottawa sanction likewise shows that wellbeing advancement projects and strategies ought to be adjusted to the necessities of the individual nations and netw ork needs (World Health Organization2007). This is a result of the monetary, social and condition contrasts between locales. Another goal of the sanction is building sound open approach. The contract places wellbeing at the highest point of the plan in all segments and levels of in a network. Wellbeing advancement arrangement by Ottawa and the WHO joins various and complimentary methodologies which incorporates enactment, hierarchical change, and financial strategies. Tax collection is additionally a significant approach issue with regards to advancement of wellbeing (Hughes United States, 2008). This is in such a case that medications and prescriptions are profoundly burdened, it might get hard for a great many people to manage the cost of fundamental wellbeing administrations. WHO works with governments to guarantee that enactment instituted in every nation advance wellbeing needs of the general public. By improving quality and wellbeing norms in Victoria, the individuals of Victoria will have a superior state in social insurance matters by improving network activity. Clinics work in the public eye and thusly, it is significant that the emergency clinics permit the network in having a state on the security measures and quality that they want in their medical clinics. This will guarantee the wellbeing needs of Victorians are satisfied. Reinforcing of network activity is another significant goal of the Ottawa Charter. All together for the association to accomplish its objective of wellbeing for all, it is crucial to guarantee there is compelling network activity in dynamic and arranging. Networks ought to be enabled to partake effectively in advancing their own wellbeing needs through preparing and mentorship (Pairman,2015). The significance of network activity in wellbeing advancement is that the individuals living in the network have further information on the medical problems that they face. So as to take care of these issues, it is essential to include the individuals in the network since c

Digital Media Essay Samples - Tips For Writing Your Own Digital Media Essay

Digital Media Essay Samples - Tips For Writing Your Own Digital Media EssayWhen it comes to writing a digital media essay, one of the biggest mistakes that a student might make is to read the sample essay online and use the ideas as they are. A student might think that this essay samples are good enough for them to actually write a digital media essay themselves.What is even worse is that the student may not really know what they are doing with these assignments. There is a reason why you are not allowed to just copy and paste any information that you find. With a digital media essay samples you are not supposed to learn from anyone else.If you do not have the proper knowledge about writing a digital media essay then you should look at the ones that are actually offered. The most important thing to remember when it comes to this type of writing is that it is all about telling a story. You have to be able to communicate how you feel about something in a way that you can understand. Th is is the key to making your essay work.As you go through the sample essays, you should make sure that you read them over a few times before you actually start writing. This will help you hone in on the basic points that you want to get across.The best way to practice writing an essay is to just read the information and listen to what someone else is saying. When you do this you will be able to see how you are going to proceed. If you do not follow through with your information then you are not going to be able to get the desired results.One of the best things that you can do is to try different ways of starting off the topic. Just a couple examples are 'Why?' or 'What are they trying to say?'Writing a digital media essay can be extremely beneficial for you. It can also be extremely frustrating because you are not exactly sure how to do it.

Analysis Of The Poem The I Don t Say Brea - 1085 Words

Caida had little time to ponder the meaning of her brother’s words. Since Brea’s funeral Aldaria had been keeping a low profile, but now she approached. Fingle slipped away, once more towards the woods. Aldaria glanced after him, one eyebrow raised, then moved closer to Caida. â€Å"Bolste thinks goblins that killed that man,† Aldaria said. â€Å"Yes,† Caida replied. â€Å"But we don’t know that. We don’t even know if they were dangerous.† Aldaria held her gaze for a few seconds. â€Å"Caida, I don’t think Brea would have acted like that if they weren’t. And to end his own life as he did†¦ he knew this land was not paradise.† It was a bright winter’s day, but the bay was quiet. Little wind stirred the surf on the pebble beach and the forest loomed silent and brooding. The tribe milled around the bay camp. They clumped in twos and threes, speaking only in short bursts, almost whispering as if afraid of waking something. For the first time her own sense that all was not as it should be seemed to have infected the rest of her people. The relief and excitement they had felt when they emerged from the sea had been eroded away in less than a week. â€Å"Jacubui has changed his vote,† Aldaria continued. â€Å"We will build a stockade atop the crag as soon as possible.† â€Å"What,† Caida spluttered. â€Å"How do you know about this, it was for the council only!† â€Å"Bolste came to me for advice this morning. Do not feel bad, Caida. He is just doing what he can to protect us all.† Caida stared around at

Up Front Assessment Under Current Copyright Law Essay

Up Front Assessment: Under current copyright law, since Mr. Emerson co-created ASHLEY. Therefore, he has joint copyright ownership of ASHLEY unless a specific written agreement was attained by the professor assigning all rights to the professor. Assuming, Mr. Emerson was not a paid employee of the professor, then a work for hire claim cannot be made. Issue(s): Applicable Copyright Law/ Case Law: †¢ 17 U.S.C.  § 201(a) â€Å"†¦The authors of a joint work are co-owners of copyright in the work.† †¢ 17 U.S.C.  § 204(a) â€Å"A transfer of copyright ownership, other than by operation of law, is not valid unless an instrument of conveyance, or a note or memorandum of the transfer, is in writing and signed by the owner of the rights conveyed or such owner’s duly authorized agent.† †¢ Brandir International, Inc. v. Cascade Pacific Lumber Co. 834 F.2d 1142 (2d Cir. 1987) â€Å"†¦if design elements reflect a merger of aesthetic and functional considerations, the artist aspects of a work cannot be said to be conceptually separable from the utilitarian elements. Conversely, where design elements can be identified as reflecting the designer s artistic judgment exercised independently of functional influences, conceptual separability exists. Advice Concerning Copyrightable Elements of LESLIE Mr. Emerson has contacted us with the following concern: â€Å"Before working on LESLIE, Emerson worked as a graduate student research assistant for a professor of graphic design at the local university. Emerson helpedShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Five Phases of a LPO Relationship1662 Words   |  7 Pagestransition to a supplier what were core processes requires substantial upfront planning. The steps include: †¢ Research and education on the legal process being outsourced †¢ Market intelligence to assess what competitors are doing †¢ Benchmarking the current process against the best - Goal: understand, improve, design, build, and source more cost-effective business processes †¢ Perform risk analysis †¢ Assess your own process core competencies †¢ Customizing and implementing technological requirementsRead MoreNsa Capstone Project Essay16270 Words   |  66 Pages......................................................................53 NETWORK/ BUILDING DIAGRAMS ......................................................................................54 BUDGET †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.59 Page | 2 Copyright  © 2007 - 2012 Networkauthorities.org Inc., et al Rights reserved. PRELIMINARY SCHEDULE Saturday June 8th, 2013: This is the date we could start working if our bid is accepted by the school district. ï‚ · Alabama School Buildings — this is theRead MoreThe Coca-Cola Company Versus Bisleri International Pvt. 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Busy Bee free essay sample

In this crazy world, everyone is busy with their work, going to school, or doing something for the survival of their lives. A busy bee defines a person who is busy in his/her life and barely has time for their personal and social life. This kind of lifestyle is really complicated and hard to live. A busy bee is a behavior in which a person has little time for friends, is focused on their career and also has a lifestyle of either being a single or can barely provide time for family. First of all uncle who owns 12 dunking donuts barely has time for his family.He sees his kids or communicates with them once or twice in a week. For him, his business life is more important than his social life with his family. He ought to give first preference to his business to make more n more money on his bank account. We will write a custom essay sample on Busy Bee or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In addition, Olivia Pope from Scandal, to me reflects the behavior of a busy bee. In the show, Scandal, she appears to be very busy, handling five cases a day, and there is always something going on that she needs to take care of it. As the definition says, she is shown as having no personal life, and mostly she Is In the office solving cases nice she does as a Job as a fixer.Busy bee behavior can also exhibit Influential behavior. The bad feeling between what Is, and what could be, talks to our frustrations and stirs us Into wide awake Influence. chose this behavior to write about because I can connect to this behavior in such manner that since morning to night, I am running around the whole day to take summer classes or running errands or working. I also uncover some of the valuable realities of how my mind can either work for me or against this Influential being busy behavior. Its only the weekends I can go back to my normal lifestyle, talk to my family and relax myself.Though Stephen R. Covey famous American educator and author has define busy bee In above mention phrase, We may be very busy, we may be very efficient, but we will also be truly effective only when we begin with the end In mind. To conclude, the behavior of the busy bee Is my favorite from all the other behaviors listed because being busy makes me feel Like I am accomplishing something from life, It doesnt give me a chance to get bored and thatch shows Like sorrow or happiness and It gives me the encouragement to be busy In life.The behavior of a busy bee Is an exceptional and unique way to keep going In life. Thats why William Blake said, Get busy living, or get busy dying. By harassers she is shown as having no personal life, and mostly she is in the office solving cases Busy bee behavior can also exhibit influential behavior. The bad feeling between what is, and what could be, talks to our frustrations and stirs us into wide awake valuable realities of how my mind can either work for me or against this influential educator and author has define busy bee in above mention phrase, We may be begin with the end in mind. To conclude, the behavior of the busy bee is my favorite from all the other behaviors listed because being busy makes me feel like I am accomplishing something from life, it doesnt give me a chance to get bored and watch shows like sorrow or happiness and it gives me the encouragement to be busy in life. The behavior of a busy bee is an exceptional and unique way to keep going in Thats why William Blake said, Get busy living, or get busy dying.

Social Welfare in Australia Essay Example

Social Welfare in Australia Essay Social Welfare in Australia Social security in Australia is a system of social welfare payments provided by the Commonwealth Government of Australia. These payments are administered by the Department of Human Services. Most benefits are subject to a means test. Payments are made to a variety of groups of people; Indigenous students and New Apprentices, age pension, assistance for isolated children (families with a child who lives a fair distance from school), carers, disability support pension, foster families, maternity payment, people who are looking for employment, parenting payment, special benefit (financial hardship) and youth allowance. 7. 1 million Australians were â€Å"customers† of Centrelink, many of which claimed from child care. The payments are paid for through general taxation. In Australia only citizens may claim these benefits. Centrelink is the agency which manages social security. Australia gives out social welfare payments to ensure more equal dispersion of wealth and to assist the lower socio-economic population. In many people’s view in Australia it is the government’s responsibility to look after the less well off, whereas in other countries, for example China, people might rely on their immediate family, for instance to look after the elderly. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Welfare in Australia specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Social Welfare in Australia specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Social Welfare in Australia specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Australia is the most â€Å"efficient† at reducing inequality of any rich country. In Europe, the United States and Japan, social security is financed by contributions from employers and employees, with benefits related to past earnings, therefore the higher income workers received more generous benefits if they become unemployed, disabled or retire. The rationale for Australia’s approach is that it reduces poverty more efficiently by concentrating the available resources on the poor and minimises adverse incentives. The extent to which the Australian welfare state redistributes to the poor is determined by the interactions between the tax and social security systems, both in terms of the size of taxes collected and the distribution of these taxes. This is calculated by estimating the level of spending on social security benefits as a percentage of household disposable income and then taking account of how much of this goes to the poorest fifth. The same procedure is us ed to calculate how much tax is paid by people in that group, which is then subtracted from the benefits received to give â€Å"net redistribution to the poor. †1 â€Å"The main objective of social security systems in most countries is to provide insurance against risks like unemployment, disability and sickness, and to redistribute income across the life cycle. †2 There is also the â€Å"Robin Hood† motive; take from the rich and give to the poor, which Australia is a strong example of because our system relies heavily on income testing and directs a higher share of benefits to lower income groups than any other country. Australia has the most â€Å"target efficient† system of social security benefits. Some examples of social security payments given out are: ABSTUDY is the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Study Assistance Scheme and is for Indigenous Australians undergoing some form of study. All Indigenous students at secondary or tertiary institutions and primary students 14 years and older. The student must be of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander descent and be a current Australian citizen. The Disability Support Pension provides income support for people who suffer a long-term disability which they will not recover from in the next two years, which will determine them unable to work. The average person will receive $385. 0 monthly. The Parenting Payment is for those who are carers of dependent children under the age of 8. These customers are able to collect this payment until their youngest child turns 16. The Parenting Payment uses an individual and a partner income test to determine the rate of payment. Means and assets tests are applied to reduce the incidence of welfare fraud and contain social security spending, so as no t to â€Å"rip off† the taxpayers. In 2012-2013 the Australian Government contributed $132 million towards social security and welfare, this made up 34. % of total government expenditure. In Australia, welfare is the largest component of public spending and therefore is the main determinant of how much tax income needs to be collected. Bibliography: Wikipedia, Social Security Australia, 2013, http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Social_Security_(Australia), Retrieved 20 February 2013. Whiteford, P. , Inside Story, 2013, http://inside. org. au/how-fair-is-australia’s-welfare-state/, Retrieve 20 February 2013. Riley, T. , 2013, Year 11 Economics, Sydney, Tim Riley Publications.

Free Essays on Belize

My interviewee is from the country of Belize, Central America. Belize is located on the Caribbean coast of the northern Central America. It shares a border on the north with the Mexican state of Quintana Roo, on the west with the Guatemalan department of Pet’n and on the south with the border of Izabal. To the east in the Caribbean Sea, the second-longest barrier reef in the world, most of its coastline is swampy. The country totals area is slight larger than El Salvador or Massachusetts. The capital to Belize is called Belmopan. When someone hears about Belize for the first time, they imagine it is somewhere in South America. But in reality, it is in the middle of Central America. For most part, only a small portion of today’s tourist population has been to Belize. Because of this, the Belize’s Barrier Reef, Maya ruins and rain forest are â€Å"unspoiled† for all to enjoy. The total population of Belize in 2004 was 272,945 people. Approximately 55.8% of the population is the age bracket of 15-64, 40.6% in the age 0-14 and only 3.5% over age of 65. Some would say that the first settlers to Belize were the Mayan Indians. Archeologist says that approximately 1 to 2 millions Mayans lived on the coast of Belize. Mayans, dating back to 2000 BC, originally occupied Belize. The Mayan culture flourished until about 900 AD. No one knows for certain what caused the disappearance but some would say it was war, famine, loss of faith, or a series of natural disasters. The Spanish first laid claim to the areas of Central American during the 16th and 17th centuries. Belize at that time was called the Bay of Honduras. The English Puritan claimed to be the first settlers; they settled in early 1600’s. This began the conflict with Spanish settlers that lasted for centuries. The Spanish continuously tried to expel the British from their territory. They did signed treaties in 1763 and 1786 that allowed the British to contin... Free Essays on Belize Free Essays on Belize My interviewee is from the country of Belize, Central America. Belize is located on the Caribbean coast of the northern Central America. It shares a border on the north with the Mexican state of Quintana Roo, on the west with the Guatemalan department of Pet’n and on the south with the border of Izabal. To the east in the Caribbean Sea, the second-longest barrier reef in the world, most of its coastline is swampy. The country totals area is slight larger than El Salvador or Massachusetts. The capital to Belize is called Belmopan. When someone hears about Belize for the first time, they imagine it is somewhere in South America. But in reality, it is in the middle of Central America. For most part, only a small portion of today’s tourist population has been to Belize. Because of this, the Belize’s Barrier Reef, Maya ruins and rain forest are â€Å"unspoiled† for all to enjoy. The total population of Belize in 2004 was 272,945 people. Approximately 55.8% of the population is the age bracket of 15-64, 40.6% in the age 0-14 and only 3.5% over age of 65. Some would say that the first settlers to Belize were the Mayan Indians. Archeologist says that approximately 1 to 2 millions Mayans lived on the coast of Belize. Mayans, dating back to 2000 BC, originally occupied Belize. The Mayan culture flourished until about 900 AD. No one knows for certain what caused the disappearance but some would say it was war, famine, loss of faith, or a series of natural disasters. The Spanish first laid claim to the areas of Central American during the 16th and 17th centuries. Belize at that time was called the Bay of Honduras. The English Puritan claimed to be the first settlers; they settled in early 1600’s. This began the conflict with Spanish settlers that lasted for centuries. The Spanish continuously tried to expel the British from their territory. They did signed treaties in 1763 and 1786 that allowed the British to contin...

Immigration Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Immigration - Coursework Example As per statistics this can be said that in the year 2009, almost 200 million people changed their resident country throughout the world. This number is almost 3 % of overall population in the world. Economic migrant refers to those persons who are moving from one region to another region for the purpose of seeking employment opportunities or for improving their financial condition. So this can be said that economic migrant are distinct in nature from the refugees. Many countries have restriction in the field of immigration and providing visa to the people. This will help to prohibit a person from entering into the other country. It is also helpful to protect the country and its economy from those persons who want to work without proper and valid work visa. China is an example of such kind of countries which completely stopped to grant citizenship for foreign migrants. Again violation of immigration law may be harmful for the people and government of that country can refuse their entry and force them to leave the country as soon as possible. Another term is used in the field of immigration which is called legal immigrant. The person enters in the new country for the purpose of b eing a permanent resident after getting clearance from the respective end. In this case the person is called as legal immigrant (Kleyn, 2-8). Immigration can be defined as a powerful instrument for economic revitalization. If population of a country increases, then number of working labour force participants also will get increased. This will help to enhance the economic condition of that country. Again more number of workers will help to generate more consumers spending in the economy. Businesses will flourish in this stage and entrepreneurs will get more scope to expand their business activities. When industry attains the growth position then automatically

Roger Williams Quotation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 8

Roger Williams Quotation - Essay Example This letter, which was written in 1655, explains fully his views of religious freedom. He also elaborates on how religious corruption in government, creates difficulties in religion. According to him, all people should have equal rights to be associated with the religion they choose, and their rights should be protected by the law. The government should, therefore, have no control over whether one is a church follower or not. God did not love some people more than others and, people should live together as a community according to Williams’ belief. The ship used in this quote symbolizes the society that existed at that time. This, therefore, showed that all different religions should be able to live without separation or disagreement in a society. It is assumed by different theologians and scholars that William used the ship as a symbol because he used a ship to travel to the Western Hemisphere, where he was able to attain the freedom of religion. William was very strong in what he had believed and therefore, he was able to launch the First Baptist church in Providence. He also initiated a colony of religious minorities; which was, by then, known as Providence Plantation. William’s idea of religious freedom has a great impact on the society today. Every person should have freedom of choice on which religion he or she should follow. The intervention of the state and the government, as William states, brings more problem than what people should experience in religion. This means that belief of an individual should not be dependent on rules of the state and should, therefore, be protected by the law. I, to a great extent, support his idea of the ship, which symbolizes living together as a community of different religions despite the fact that they have different beliefs. This is Christian value that should be emulated by every person.  

Paul Tillich Response to Modern Criticism Essay Example for Free

Paul Tillich Response to Modern Criticism Essay The later part of 20th century witness a renewed question of empiricism in philosophy of religion. The question is concerned with what patterns a religious reasoning and religious language should take in determining the existence of God, the belief in God, the reality of a good God and the existence of evil. The approach is championed by logical positivism based on verification principles of ascertain meaning only by sense experience. The Modern Empiricism as discussed in this paper covers the period of tale end of 1500 AD to the end of 1800 AD, that is 16-19 century. This course explores the themes of Paul Tillichs philosophical theology, with special attention to his analysis of meaning and its apparent loss in modern society. The course will also evaluate Tillichs response to the problem of meaninglessness and his effort to interpret the Christian message. WHAT IS EMPIRICISM? According to John Scott Gordon Marshall, empiricism, in philosophy, is â€Å"the attitude that beliefs are to be accepted and acted upon only if they first have been confirmed by actual experience†. This broad definition accords with the derivation of the name from the Greek word empeiria, meaning â€Å"experience. † Primarily, and in its psychological application, the term signifies the theory that the phenomena of consciousness are simply the product of sensuous experience, i. e. of sensations variously associated and arranged (Andrew M. Colman: 2003:242). It is thus distinguished from Nativism or Innatism. Secondarily, and in its logical (epistemological) usage, it designates the theory that all human knowledge is derived exclusively from experience, the latter term meaning, either explicitly or implicitly, external sense-percepts and internal representations and inferences exclusive of any superorganic (immaterial) intellectual factor. Empiricism is thus opposed to the claims of authority, intuition, imaginative conjecture, and abstract, theoretical, or systematic reasoning as sources of reliable belief. Its most fundamental antithesis is with the latter (i. e., with Rationalism, also called intellectualism or apriorism). Forms of Empiricism According to Catholic Encyclopedia empiricism appears in the history of philosophy in three principal forms: (1) Materialism, (2) Sensism, and (3) Positivism. a. Materialism: Materialism in its crudest shape was taught by the ancient atomists (Democritus, Leucippus, Epicurus, Lucretius), who, reducing the sum of all reality to atoms and motion, taught that experience, whereof they held knowledge to be constituted, is generated by images reflected from material objects through the sensory organs into the soul. The soul, a mere complexus of the finest atoms, perceives not the objects but their effluent images. With modern materialists (Helvetius, dHolbach, Diderot, Feuerbach, Moleschott, Buchner, Vogt, etc. ), knowledge is accounted for either by cerebral secretion or by motion. b. Sensism: All materialists are of course sensists. Though the converse is not the case, nevertheless, by denying any essential difference between sensations and ideas (intellectual states), sensism logically involves materialism. Sensism, which is found with Empedocles and Protagoras amongst the ancients, was given its first systematic form by Locke (d. 1704), though Bacon (d. 1626) and Hobbes (d. 1679) had prepared the data. Locke derives all simple ideas from external experience (sensations), all compound ideas (modes, substances, relations) from internal experience (reflection). Substance and cause are simply associations of subjective phenomena; universal ideas are mere mental figments. Locke admits the existence, though he denies the demonstrability, in man of an immaterial and immortal principle, the soul. Berkeley (d. 1753), accepting the teaching of Locke that ideas are only transfigured sensations, subjectivizes not only the sensible or secondary qualities of matter as his predecessor had done, but also the primary qualities which Locke held to be objective. Berkeley denies the objective basis of universal ideas and indeed of the whole material universe. The reality of things he places in their being perceived and this perceivedness is effected in the mind by God, not by the object or subject. He still retains the substance-reality of the human soul and of spirits generally, God included. Hume (d. 1776) agrees with his two empiricist predecessors in teaching that the mind knows only its own subjective organic impressions, whereof ideas are but the images. The supersensible is therefore unknowable; the principle of causality is resolved into a mere feeling of successiveness of phenomena; its necessity is reduced to a subjective feeling resulting from uniform association experienced in consciousness, and the spiritual essence or substantial being of the soul is dissipated into a series of conscious states. Lockes sensism was taken up by Condillac (d. 1780), who eliminated entirely the subjective factor (Lockes reflection) and sought to explain all cognitional states by a mere mechanical, passive transformation of external sensations. The French sensist retained the spiritual soul, but his followers disposed of it as Hume had done with the Berkeleian soul relic. The Herbartians confound the image with the idea, nor does Wundt make a clear distinction between primitive concepts (empirische Begriffe, representations of individual objects) and the image: Denken ist Phantasieren in Begriffen und Phantasierenist Denken in Bildern. c. Positivism: Positivists, following Comte (d.1857), do not deny the supersensible; they declare it unknowable; the one source of cognition, they claim, is sense-experience, experiment, and induction from phenomena. John Stuart Mill (d. 1870), following Hume, reduces all knowledge to series of conscious states linked by empirical associations and enlarged by inductive processes. The mind has no certitude of an external world, but only of a permanent possibility of sensations and antecedent and anticipated feelings. Spencer (d. 1903) makes all knowledge relative. The actual existence of things is their persistence in consciousness. Consciousness contains only subjective feelings. The relative supposes the absolute, but the latter is unknowable to us; it is the object of faith and religion (Agnosticism). All things, mind included, have resulted from a cosmical process of mechanical evolution wherein they are still involved; hence all concepts and principles are in a continuous flux. d. Classical Empiricism: Classical empiricism is characterised by a rejection of innate, in-born knowledge or concepts. John Locke, well known as an empiricist, wrote of the mind being a tabula rasa, a â€Å"blank slate†, when we enter the world. At birth we know nothing; it is only subsequently that the mind is furnished with information by experience. e. Radical Empiricism: This was advanced by William James, an American pragmatist philosopher and psychologist, based on the pragmatic theory of truth and the principle of pure experience, which contends that the relations between things are at least as real as the things themselves, that their function is real, and that no hidden substrata are necessary to account for the various clashes and coherences of the world. James summarized the theory as consisting of (1) a postulate: â€Å"The only things that shall be debatable among philosophers shall be things definable in terms drawn from experience†; (2) a factual statement: â€Å"The relations between things, conjunctive as well as disjunctive, are just as much matters of direct particular experience, neither more so nor less so, than the things themselves,† which serves to distinguish radical empiricism from the empiricism of the Scottish philosopher David Hume; and (3) a generalized conclusion: â€Å"The parts of experience hold together from next to next by relations that are themselves parts of experience. The directly apprehended universe needs, in short, no extraneous transempirical connective support, but possesses in its own right a concatenated or continuous structure. † The result of this theory of knowledge is a metaphysics that refutes the rationalist belief in a being that transcends experience, which gives unity to the world. According to James there is no logical connection between radical empiricism and pragmatism. One may reject radical empiricism and continue to be a pragmatist. Jamess studies in radical empiricism were published posthumously as Essays in Radical Empiricism (1912). According to him, it is only if it is possible to empirically test a claim that the claim has meaning. As all of our information comes from our senses, it is impossible for us to talk about that which we have not experienced. Statements that are not tied to our experiences are therefore meaningless. This principle, which was associated with a now unpopular position called logical positivism, renders religious and ethical claims literally nonsensical. No observations could confirm religious or ethical claims, therefore those claims are meaningless. Radical empiricism thus requires the abandonment of religious and ethical discourse and belief. f. Moderate Empiricism: More moderate empiricists, however, allow that there may be some cases in which the senses do not ground our knowledge, but hold that these are exceptions to a general rule. Truths such as â€Å"there are no four-sided triangles† and â€Å"7+5=12† need not be investigated in order to be known, but all significant, interesting knowledge, the empiricist claims, comes to us from experience. This more moderate empiricism strikes many as more plausible than its radical alternative. BRIEF HISTORY OF EMPIRICISM The first Empiricists in Western philosophy were the Sophists, who rejected such Rationalist speculation about the world as a whole and took man and society to be the proper objects of philosophical inquiry. Invoking skeptical arguments to undermine the claims of pure reason, they posed a challenge that invited the reaction that comprised Platos philosophy Plato and to a lesser extent Aristotle were both Rationalists. But Aristotles successors in the ancient Greek schools of Stoicism and Epicureanism advanced an explicitly Empiricist account of the formation of mans concepts or ideas. For the Stoics the human mind is at birth a clean slate, which comes to be stocked with ideas by the sensory impingement of the material world upon it. Yet they also held that there are some ideas or beliefs, the â€Å"common notions,† present to the minds of all men; and these soon came to be conceived in a nonempirical way. The Empiricism of the Epicureans, however, was more pronounced and consistent. For them mans concepts are memory images, the mental residues of previous sense experience; and knowledge is as empirical as the ideas of which it is composed. In medieval philosophy, most medieval philosophers after St. took an Empiricist position, at least about concepts, even if they recognized much substantial but nonempirical knowledge. The standard formulation of this age was: â€Å"There is nothing in the intellect that was not previously in the senses. † Thus St. Thomas Aquinas (1225–74) altogether rejected innate ideas. Both soul and body participate in perception, and all of mans ideas are abstracted by the intellect from what is given to the senses. Mans ideas of unseen things, like God and angels, are derived by analogy from the seen. The 13th-century scientist Roger Bacon emphasized empirical knowledge of the natural world and anticipated the polymath Renaissance philosopher of science Francis Bacon (1561–1626) in preferring observation to deductive reasoning as a source of knowledge. The Empiricism of the 14th-century Franciscan Nominalist William of Ockham was more systematic. All knowledge of what exists in nature, he held, comes from the senses, though there is, to be sure, â€Å"abstractive knowledge† of necessary truths; but this is hypothetical and does not imply the existence of anything. His more extreme followers extended his line of reasoning toward a radical Empiricism, in which causation is not a rationally intelligible connection but merely an observed regular sequence. In modern philosophy, the earlier and unsystematically speculative phases of Renaissance philosophy, the claims of Aristotelian logic to yield substantial knowledge were attacked by several 16th-century logicians, and, in the same century, the role of observation was stressed. One mildly skeptical Christian thinker, Pierre Gassendi (1592–1655), advanced a deliberate revival of the empirical doctrines of Epicurus. But the most important defender of Empiricism was Francis Bacon, who, though he did not deny the existence of a priori knowledge, claimed that, in effect, the only knowledge that is worth having (as contributing to the relief of mans estate) is empirically based knowledge of the natural world, which should be pursued by the systematic, indeed almost mechanical, arrangement of the findings of observation and is best undertaken in the cooperative and impersonal style of modern scientific research. Bacon was, indeed, the first to formulate the principles of scientific induction. A Materialist and Nominalist, Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679), combined an extreme Empiricism about concepts, which he saw as the outcome of material impacts on the bodily senses, with an extreme Rationalism about knowledge, of which, like Plato, he took geometry to be the paradigm. For him all genuine knowledge is a priori, a matter of rigorous deduction from definitions. The senses provide ideas; but all knowledge comes from â€Å"reckoning,† from deductive calculations carried out on the names that the thinker has assigned to them. True knowledge is thus not merely a priori but also analytic. Yet it all concerns material and sensible existences: everything that exists is a body. The most elaborate and influential presentation of Empiricism of this period was made by John Locke (1632–1704), an early Enlightenment philosopher, in the first two books of his Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690). All knowledge, he held, comes from sensation or from reflection, by which he meant the introspective awareness of the workings of mans own mind. Locke confused the two issues of the nature of concepts and the justification of beliefs. His Book I, though titled â€Å"Innate Ideas,† is largely devoted to refuting innate knowledge. And even so, he later admitted that much substantial knowledge—in particular, that of mathematics and morals—is a priori. He argued that infants know nothing; that if men are said to know innately what they are capable of coming to know, then all knowledge is, trivially, innate; and that no beliefs whatever are universally accepted. Locke was more consistent about the empirical character of all mans concepts and displayed in detail the ways in which simple ideas can be combined to form complex ideas of what has not in fact been experienced. One group of dubiously empirical concepts—those of unity, existence, and number—he took to be derived both from sensation and from reflection. But he allowed one a priori concept—that of substance—which the mind adds, seemingly from its own resources, to its conception of any regularly associated group of perceptible qualities. Bishop George Berkeley (1685–1753), a theistic Idealist and opponent of Materialism, applied Lockes Empiricism about concepts to refute Lockes account of mans knowledge of the external world. He drew and embraced the inevitable conclusion that material things are simply collections of perceived ideas, a position that ultimately leads to phenomenalism; i. e. , to the view that reality is nothing but sensations. He accounted for the continuity and orderliness of the world by supposing that its reality is upheld in the perceptions of an unsleeping God. The theory of spiritual substance involved in Berkeleys position seems to be vulnerable, however, to most of the same objections as those that he posed against Locke. The Scottish Skeptical philosopher David Hume (1711–76) fully elaborated Lockes Empiricism and used it reductively to argue that there can be no more to mans concepts of body, mind, and causal connection than what occurs in the experiences that he has of them. For Hume all necessary truth is formal or conceptual, determined by the relations of identity and exclusion that hold between ideas. Voltaire imported Lockes philosophy into France; and its Empiricism, in a very stark form, is the basis of sensationalism, in which all of the constituents of human mental life are analyzed in terms of sensations alone. A genuinely original and clarifying attempt to resolve the controversy between Empiricists and their opponents was made in the critical philosophy of Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), drawing upon Leibniz and Hume. With the dictum that, although all knowledge begins with experience it does not all arise from experience, he established a clear distinction between the innate and the a priori. He held that there are a priori concepts, or categories—substance and cause being the most important—and also substantial or synthetic a priori truths. Although not derived from experience, the latter apply to experience. A priori concepts and propositions do not relate to a reality that transcends experience; they reflect, instead, the minds way of organizing the amorphous mass of sense impressions that flow in upon it. Lockean Empiricism prevailed in 19th-century England until the turn to Hegel occurred in the last quarter of the century. To be sure, the Scottish philosophers who followed Hume but avoided his Skeptical conclusions insisted that man does have substantial a priori knowledge. But the philosophy of John Stuart Mill (1806–73), logician, economist, and Utilitarian moralist, is thoroughly Empiricist. He held that all knowledge worth having, including mathematics, is empirical. The apparent necessity of mathematics, according to Mill, is the result of the unique massiveness of its empirical confirmation. All real knowledge for Mill is inductive and empirical; and deduction is sterile. On similar lines, the philosopher of evolution Herbert Spencer (1820–1903) offered another explanation of the apparent necessity of some of mans beliefs: they are the well-attested empirical beliefs of his ancestors from whom he has inherited them, an evolutionary revival of the doctrine of innateness. Two important mathematicians and pioneers in the philosophy of modern physics, W. K. Clifford (1845–79) and Karl Pearson (1857–1936), defended radically Empiricist philosophies of science, anticipating the Logical Empiricism of the 20th century. In contemporary philosophy The most influential Empiricist of the 20th century was the great British philosopher and logician Bertrand Russell (1872–1970), who at first was Lockean in his theory of knowledge—admitting both synthetic a priori knowledge and concepts of unobservable entities. Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889–1951), the influential pioneer of the school of Linguistic Analysis, convinced Russell that the truths of logic and mathematics are analytic; and Russell then came to believe, with Hume, that the task of philosophy is to analyze all concepts in terms of what can be directly present to the senses. In this spirit, he tried to show that even the concepts of formal logic are ultimately empirical though the experience that supplies them may be introspective instead of sensory. Doctrines developed through the collaboration of Russell and Wittgenstein yielded the Logical Positivism of the German philosopher Rudolf Carnap (1891–1970) and of the Vienna Circle, a discussion group in which that philosophy was worked out. The Empiricism of Logical Positivism is especially evident in its restatement of the fundamental thesis of Humes philosophy in a form known as â€Å"the verification principle,† which recognizes as meaningful and synthetic only those sentences that are in principle verifiable by reference to sense experience. BRIEF BIOGRAPHY OF PAUL TILLICK Paul Johannes Tillich was born at Starzeddel in the province of Brandenburg, Germany, on Aug. 20, 1886. He spent his early years at Schonfliess, where his father was a Lutheran clergyman. He studied at the University of Berlin, received his doctorate from the University of Breslau in 1911, and earned his degree in theology at the University of Halle in 1912, the year he became a clergyman in the Lutheran church. During World War I Tillich served as a military chaplain. From 1919 until 1933 he taught at the universities of Berlin, Marburg, Dresden, Leipzig, and Frankfurt. His opposition to the Nazis cost him his job in 1933, and he went to the United States to become professor of philosophical theology at Union Theological Seminary in New York City. He remained there until 1955, when he became a professor at Harvard University. From 1962 until his death on Oct. 22, 1965, he taught at the University of Chicagos divinity school. The brilliance and complexity of Tillichs thought were expressed in his lectures, sermons, and books. The most difficult of his works is ‘Systematic Theology, on which he began working in 1925. It was published in three volumes from 1951 to 1963. His books of sermons, beginning with ‘The Shaking of the Foundations (1948), present his thoughts more clearly for a wider audience. Other works include ‘The Protestant Era (1948), ‘The Courage to Be (1952), ‘Dynamics of Faith (1957), and ‘The Eternal Now (1963). Like Spinoza, he was a â€Å"God-intoxicated man† who wanted to help his fellow human beings recapture a relevant and dynamic religious faith. EMPIRICAL ARGUMENT 1. The Existentialism of God Empiricists believe that experience is of primary importance in giving us knowledge of the world. Whatever we learn, according to them, we learn through perception. Knowledge without experience, with the possible exception of trivial semantic and logical truths, is impossible. A more moderate form of Empiricism is that of the substantive Empiricists, who are unconvinced by attempts that have been made to interpret formal concepts empirically and who therefore concede that formal concepts are a priori but deny that categorial concepts, such as â€Å"substance,† â€Å"cause,† and â€Å"God,† are a priori. In this view, formal concepts would be no longer semantical, pertaining to the relation of words to things; they would be, instead, merely descriptive or purely syntactical, pertaining to the relations between ideas. On this basis â€Å"God,† would not be an entity alongside other entities but a device for arranging a mans factual beliefs about the world; the concept â€Å"God† would thus play a structural and not an informative role. The Response of Tillich: Tillich was a central figure in the intellectual life of his time both in Germany and the United States. It is generally held that the 20th century has been marked by a widespread breakdown of traditional Christian convictions about God, morality, and the meaning of human existence in general. In assessing Tillich’s role in relation to this development, some critics have regarded him as the last major spokesman for a vanishing Christian culture, a systematic thinker who sought to demonstrate the reasonableness of the Christian faith to modern skeptics. Others have viewed him as a forerunner of the contemporary cultural revolution, whose discussions of the meaning of God and faith served themselves to undermine traditional beliefs. Tillich himself believed he was a â€Å"boundary man,† standing between the old and the new, between a heritage imbued with a sense of the sacred and the secular orientation of the new age. He asserted that his vocation was to mediate between the concerns voiced by faith and the imperatives of a questioning reason, thus helping to heal the ruptures threatening to destroy Western civilization. He believed that from the beginning life had prepared him for such a role, and his long career as a theologian, educator, and writer was devoted to this task with single-minded energy. Theological systems, developed by Paul Tillich, were based on the concept of symbol. In it Tillich, a Rationalist asserts that â€Å"there are concepts not derived from or correlated with experienceable features of the world, such as â€Å"cause,† â€Å"identity,† or â€Å"perfect circle,† and that these concepts are a priori (Latin: â€Å"from the former†) in the traditional sense of being part of the minds innate or natural equipment—as opposed to being a posteriori (Latin: â€Å"from the latter†), or grounded in the experience of facts. On the other hand, a Rationalist theory of knowledge holds that there are beliefs that are a priori (i. e. , that depend for their justification upon thought alone), such as the belief that everything must have a sufficient reason or that a process cannot exist by itself but must occur within some substance. Such beliefs can arise either from intellectual intuition, the direct apprehension of self-evident truth, or from purely deductive reasoning. His Protestant Principle: Apparently developed from the insight he had gained at Halle as a norm in analyses of religion and culture, the meaning of history, and contemporary social problems. Tillich’s love of freedom, however, did not make him forget his boyhood commitment to a rich and satisfying religious tradition; and how to enjoy the freedom to explore life without sacrificing the essentials of a meaningful tradition became his early and lifelong preoccupation. It appears as a major theme in his theological work: the relation of heteronomy to autonomy and their possible synthesis in theonomy. Heteronomy (alien rule) is the cultural and spiritual condition when traditional norms and values become rigid, external demands threatening to destroy individual freedom. Autonomy (self-rule) is the inevitable and justified revolt against such oppression, which nevertheless entails the temptation to reject all norms and values. Theonomy (divine rule) envisions a situation in which norms and values express the convictions and commitments of free individuals in a free society. These three conditions Tillich saw as the basic dynamisms of both personal and social life. In his search for solution concerning the meaning of human existence, Tillich, using his most widely read books, The Courage to Be and Dynamics of Faith, argued that the deepest concern of humans drives them into confrontation with a reality that transcends their own finite existence. Tillich’s discussion of the human situation in these books shows a profound grasp of the problems brought to light by modern psychoanalysis and existentialist philosophy. The publication of his Systematic Theology made available the results of a lifetime of thought. The most novel feature of this work is its â€Å"method of correlation,† which makes theology a dialogue relating questions asked by man’s probing reason to answers given in revelatory experience and received in faith—theonomy’s answers to autonomy’s questions. The dialogue of Systematic Theology is in five parts, each an intrinsic element in the system as a whole: questions about the powers and limits of man’s reason prepare him for answers given in revelation; questions about the nature of being lead to answers revealing God as the ground of being; questions about the meaning of existence are answered by the New Being made manifest in Jesus Christ; questions about the ambiguities of human experience point to answers revealing the presence of the Holy Spirit in the life process; and questions about human destiny and the meaning of history find their answers in the vision of the Kingdom of God. The Being of God According to Leonard F. Wheat, the statements of Paul Tillich such as: God does not exist. He is being-itself beyond essence and existence. Therefore to argue that God exists is to deny him, God is the symbol for God and The God of theism is dead seem to represent him as an â€Å"atheistic theologian† as some critics put it, but a closer look at Tillichs position makes him appear less controversial. He argued that Tillich’s oft-repeated assertion that God is not a being, but being-itself. is the only possible definition of God because all other options turn God into a Supreme Being that is something less than God. If God is not being-itself, he is, in fact, in as much bondage as the old Greek gods were in bondage to fate a King indeed but only a puppet-king. Thus, his motivation for defining God as being-itself is to protect the transcendence of God from idolatrous misconceptions, not to cover his atheism with silly word tricks. Much the same goes for his talk of symbols. Tillichs remark that God is the symbol for God lead many to conclude that he regarded God as merely symbolic (i.e. , not real), says Wheat. However, Tillich was simply conveying the fact that human language can never fully grasp the ineffable glory of God, since our superlatives become diminutives when applied to God. However, Tillich argued that language is capable of pointing to the reality God in a symbolic fashion, although it is never identical with that reality. Thus, symbols are truly glorious things, because they allow us to describe the indescribable, opening up levels of reality that are closed to literal language. With this in mind, his talk of the God above the God of theism makes more sense. The God of theism is the symbolically-conceived God that is forever transcended by the True God. Far from being a nonsensical phrase designed to trick people into believing, this is Tillichs way of affirming both the validity of theological speech and the complete otherness of God. Thus, while the form of Tillichs doctrine of God is certainly unconventional, I think its substance lies comfortably within the Christian tradition. REFERENCES Andrew M. Colman: Oxford Dictionary of Psychology, Oxford University Press, New York, 2003. Bacon, Francis, Viscount Saint Baron of Verulam: The Nature of Things. Anthony M. Quinton, University of Oxford, 1950 David Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature, (1739) in Encyclop? dia Britannica. Encoyclopaedia Britannica Student and Home Edition. Chicago: Encyclop? dia Britannica, 2010. Immanuel Kant: Critique of Pure Reason, in Encyclop? dia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica Student and Home Edition. Chicago: Encyclop? dia Britannica, 2010. John Locke: An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, vol. 2 Oxford University, England 1690 John Scott Gordon Marsall: Oxford Dictionary of Sociology, Oxford University Press, New York, 2005. John Stuart Mill, A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive, (1843) in Encyclop? dia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica Student and Home Edition. Chicago: Encyclop? dia Britannica, 2010. Radical Empiricism: Encyclop? dia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica Student and Home Edition. Chicago: Encyclop? dia Britannica, 2010. W. H. Walsh, Reason and Experience (1947); and H. H. Price, Thinking and Experience, 2nd ed. (1969) in Encyclop? dia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica Student and Home Edition. Chicago: Encyclop? dia Britannica, 2010. Internet Sources Empiricism: retrieved from http://www. theoryofknowledge. info/sources-of-knowledge/ empiricism/ http://www2. warwick. ac. uk/fac/soc/philosophy/people/faculty/longworth/keyideasrationalismempiricism. pdf Catholic Encyclopedia: Empiricism. Retrieved from http://www. newadvent. org/advert/99001 f. htm Leonard F. Whea: (March 09, 2006) Was Paul Tillich an Atheist? retrieved from http://woauthority. blogspot. com/2006/03/was-paul-tillich-atheist. html on 24/10/2012.

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[English] PDREADME.TXT MATROX GRAPHICS INC. 2001.01.18 Matrox PowerDesk for Windows 2000 Revision 5.32.010 Contents ======== - Description of this release - Installation - More information - Notes, problems, and limitations Description of this release =========================== Matrox PowerDesk software includes a display driver and display utilities. With this software, you can take full advantage of your Matrox graphics hardware and you can access additional Matrox display-related features. Installation ============ To install Matrox PowerDesk, start the "setup" program included with it, then follow the on-screen instructions. The setup program will only install software if a Matrox graphics card model supported by the setup program is installed in your computer. More information ================ For more information on Matrox PowerDesk, see the help file included with it. For information specific to your Matrox graphics card, see your Matrox or system manual. Notes, problems, and limitations ================================ - DirectDraw, Direct3D and DirectVideo support The DirectDraw driver we provide is compatible with DirectX 2 (or later) and includes Direct3D support. For our DirectDraw/Direct3D driver to be called, and benefit from hardware acceleration, Microsoft DirectX 2 (or later) MUST be installed, even for programs originally made for DirectX 1. Also, if a recent version of DirectX isn't installed, some Matrox PowerDesk features may not be available. We provide DirectX on the Matrox CD-ROM. The latest DirectX is available from the Microsoft Web site, and is included with many DirectX programs. IMPORTANT: If the DirectX setup program prompts you to replace the existing display drivers, click "No". Otherwise, the setup program installs display drivers which are not as optimized as the Matrox drivers and which do not support PowerDesk software. Note that depending on the origin of your Microsoft DirectX software, it may not include DirectVideo support. For faster playback of Indeo and Cinepak AVI files, you should install Microsoft DirectVideo support. - Matrox bus mastering This driver supports bus mastering. Bus mastering is a feature that allows expansion cards to perform tasks at the same time as your computer's CPU. If you have a fast Pentium computer (faster than 166 MHz), the display performance of most programs is improved when bus mastering is used. To use bus mastering with 3D (Direct3D/OpenGL) programs, your graphics card needs an interrupt request (IRQ). Most computers automatically assign an IRQ to graphics cards, but some do not. If your graphics card hasn't been assigned an IRQ, programs that use Matrox bus mastering may not work properly. For more information, see your Matrox or system manual. - DirectDraw and Automatic Power Management As stated in "Microsoft DirectX Release Notes", September 30,

Public Relations in college Athletics Essay

Public relations play important role in linking college athletics with other colleges and news media. It represents college athletics related issues to media level. Public relation is responsible for handling all communication and information exchange between the college and athletics and media. It also promotes and develop relations with other colleges and universities.   Public relations will also keep news site updated to keep inform the community about the current issues, updates and goals.   Public relation program will handled all media related inquires, it regularly updates about recent research carried out in the faculty, promote inter-colleges sports and workshops, other promotional programs in the community and many other activities on the campuses.   Public relation facilitates inter-departmental, inter-community and social relations.   Assessment:   College athletic public relations goal is to develop such programs to maintain good public relations with the community and to promote student athletics sports, moral, physical, social and emotional growth. Such programs will keep individuals involve with creative activities and simultaneously promote their social relations with the community, a sense of responsibility and increase their morals.   Plan or board policy in relation to an existing public relations/marking plan or program One of the main purposes of the public relations is to let the students and community learn college rules and regulations and respect it in all circumstances in order to provide well-balanced education and creative skills.   Public relations board will responsible for making new guidelines and policies for people especially parents and guardians to keep them update of regulations and procedures.   Public relations board will develop such policies in order to keep details of all programs and guidelines for the community, guardians and students. The policies must define and update the student’s and communities needs. It must also prepare information regarding programs to give student and guardians full information. Evaluation: According to a recent research (Parry and Hayden, 1993) postgraduate students benefit from the program only when these students are paid attention separately, faculty and departmental staff clearly verify the assistance these students should receive. For recruiting more students in postgraduate program following strategies are needed to be implemented in the new curricula. These strategies are formed after careful analysis of the problems that were faced by the students, which were causing decline in students’ strength in the university. Creative ideas were generated to find out various possible number of solutions for the prevailing problems.   Recruitment and selection of students   There is a need to develop a unique workable policy for accommodating minimum or maximum number of students in the postgraduate program on the basis of preferred recruitment practices and on the university standards to recruit students per class.   There is also a need to start scholarships for students who are unable to pay their full fee.   Technical expertise and competencies in their language should be considered mandatory prior to admission.   Apart from quantitative analysis of students’ recruitment, university should also consider the qualitative approach to recruit students. Thus, admitting those students who are skillful and eligible for the program. And who will prove to be good in giving out results, thus, improving the standards of university in terms of qualitative education.   Audit of an existing safety or crisis prevention plan Staff and supervisors All staff and supervisors should be highly qualified and experienced. Per supervisor and staff, students allocated should be evaluated. Number of supervisor allocated per faculty should be evaluated New developmental strategies for students, supervisors and staff For every student there should be a clear statement for the academic mission of the university and department, research achievements, focus of teaching at the university, discipline rules that are to be followed. Every student should have a clear idea about departmental activities, social and intellectual prospects, facilities, resources, services, support, research facilities, and other procedures. In addition, there should be accommodation facilities, offices for mail typing, laboratory space, technical support, research equipment, computerized infrastructure, photocopying, library facilities, telephone, email and facsimile facilities, research grants and paid work. All above mentioned facilities should be publicized among undergraduate students, who might get interested in taking admission in postgraduate. Recent research showed that postgraduate students find various elements useful such as outline of the research they are taking, opportunity to meet other postgraduates, academics, administrative, technical staff and faculty. Selection of topics should be made easy and should be in consistent with the research facilities and financial resources available in the department. Each student should be guided individually that how they have to conduct research. Each student should be encouraged to acquire specialist assistance in writing thesis, computing, analysis of data, researching in library and archives in the management database. Using recommended assessment techniques,    There should be regular meetings and discussions between the supervisors, other research students for keep check on the progress of work and new innovative ideas that research students might learn from each other. Each student should keep a record of his or her work. Similarly, each supervisor should keep record of their supervision to avoid any misunderstanding between student and the supervisor. There should be brief records of meetings, discussions, deadlines set for the accomplishment of certain task or research work, notes on advice provided to each student, photocopies of other important notes, drafts and student diaries. Working relationship with other students should be kept in harmony. Students should have opportunities to mix socially with other departmental students. There should be network of students to get mixed with each other and learn each other problems, research and learning abilities. Progress of each student should be completely checked. There should be a definite policy to monitor the continuous progress of students. There should be new developmental policies to provide financial assistance for research and other postgraduate students. Each student should keep participating in conferences, seminars and colloquia for sharing their knowledge with other research scholars of the same fields. Create an assessment tool to evaluate a program,    The program’s success depends on individual outcomes, hence, it is important to judge whether these outcomes are worthwhile or just achieved. The desired outcomes of this program are listed below. It will improve motor skills of a student and he would improve his locomotive and perceptual motor skills The program will enhance their learning and memorizing capability. A student will be able to give more attention to his studies. The student will develop better social relations. He would be better off in school and at home. Student’s emotional and psychological development will improve. Emotional problems are usually correlated with his physical, social and cognitive development. But as his cognitive, social and physical development enhances, his emotional development will improve. The program will improve quality of education at school. The student after being trained will have better skills to interact with his environment and will yield better results. The program is cost effective and will safe cost of future problems that may arise due to lack of education and training at this age. The program will speed up student’s cognitive development. The program is not offered for a specific need but it will improve overall development and generalized needs of a student. Teachers and trainers will find it easier to train through this program rather than typical way of teaching. â€Å"Building and modeling caring relationships is crucial to the preservice teacher’s capacity to receive curricular content and their ability to teach that content to young student.† (Lake, Jones, & Dagli, 2004) The program would be able to preserve social and morel values through better education and training of a student. As student are major and most crucial beings in transmitting such values. The program protects student’s right to live and develop to their full potential while benefiting from the environment. References    Lake, Jones, & Dagli (2004) Handle With Care: Integrating Caring Content in Mathematics and Science Methods Classes. Journal of Research in Childhood Education Vol. 19, Nos. 1 & 2, Fall 2004 and Winter 2004 Parry, S. and M. Hayden. 1993. â€Å"Supervising Higher Degree Research Students.† Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.   

The Arab American Heritage Month

Arab Americans and Americans of Middle Eastern heritage have a long history in the United States. They are U.S. military heroes, entertainers, politicians and scientists. They are Lebanese, Egyptian, Iraqi and more. Yet the representation of Arab Americans in the mainstream media tends to be quite limited. Arabs are typically featured on the news when Islam, hate crimes or terrorism are the topics at hand. Arab American Heritage Month, observed in April, marks a time to reflect on the contributions Arab Americans have made to the U.S. and the diverse group of people who make up the nation’s Middle Eastern population. Arab Immigration to the U.S. While Arab Americans are often stereotyped as perpetual foreigners in the United States, people of Middle Eastern descent first began to enter the country in significant numbers in the 1800s, a fact thats often revisited during Arab American Heritage Month. The first wave of Middle Eastern immigrants arrived in the U.S. circa 1875, according to America.gov. The second wave of such immigrants arrived after 1940. The Arab American Institute reports that by the 1960s, about 15,000 Middle Eastern immigrants from Egypt, Jordan, Palestine, and Iraq were settling in the U.S. on average each year. By the following decade, the annual number of Arab immigrants increased by several thousand due to the Lebanese civil war. Arab Americans in the 21st Century Today an estimated 4 million Arab Americans live in the United States. The U.S. Census Bureau estimated in 2000 that Lebanese Americans constitute the largest group of Arabs in the U.S. About one in four of all Arab Americans is Lebanese. The Lebanese are followed by Egyptians, Syrians, Palestinians, Jordanians, Moroccans, and Iraqis in numbers. Nearly half (46 percent) of the Arab Americans profiled by the Census Bureau in 2000 were born in the U.S. The Census Bureau also found that more men make up the Arab population in the U.S. than women and that most Arab Americans lived in households occupied by married couples. While the first Arab-American immigrants arrived in the 1800s, the Census Bureau found that nearly half of Arab Americans arrived in the U.S. in the 1990s. Regardless of these new arrivals, 75 percent of Arab Americans said that they spoke English very well or exclusively while at home. Arab Americans also tend to be more educated than the general population, with 41 percent having graduated from college compared to 24 percent of the general U.S. population in 2000. The higher levels of education obtained by Arab Americans explains why members of this population were more likely to work in professional jobs and earn more money than Americans generally. On the other hand, more Arab-American men than women were involved in the labor force and a higher number of Arab Americans (17 percent) than Americans generally (12 percent) were likely to live in poverty. Census Representation It’s difficult to get a complete picture of the Arab-American population for Arab American Heritage Month because the U.S. government has classified people of Middle Eastern descent as â€Å"white† since 1970. This has made it challenging to get an accurate count of Arab Americans in the U.S. and to determine how members of this population are faring economically, academically and so forth. The Arab American Institute has reportedly told its members to identify as â€Å"some other race† and then fill in their ethnicity. There’s also a movement to have the Census Bureau give the Middle Eastern population a unique category by the 2020 census. Aref Assaf supported this move in a column for the New Jersey Star-Ledger. â€Å"As Arab-Americans, we have long argued for the need to implement these changes,† he said. â€Å"We have long argued that current racial options available on the Census form produce a severe undercount of Arab Americans. The current Census form is only a ten question form, but the implications for our community are far-reaching†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 